The effect of pain management on head trauma patients' pain levels in the emergency department

Abstract

Background: Head trauma is one of the most frequently encountered injuries and often causes headache due to increased intracranial pressure. Rapid, appropriate, and comprehensive pain management is essential to prevent secondary brain injury and improve patient comfort. Objective: To determine the effect of pain management on reducing pain levels in patients with head trauma in the Emergency Department (ED) of Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, Makassar. Method: This study used a case study design involving a 37-year-old male patient diagnosed with head trauma. The interventions provided included a 30° head-up position, oxygen therapy, deep breathing relaxation techniques, maintaining a quiet environment, bed rest, and intravenous administration of Ketorolac 30 mg. Pain levels were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before the intervention and 30 minutes afterward. Results: Pain intensity decreased from NRS 6/10 to 3/10 following comprehensive pain management. The patient appeared more relaxed, vital signs remained stable, and no adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions proved effective in reducing pain levels in a patient with head trauma in the ED.